Title: Cat for Homework 2L
Course: 350-102-RE-55-02 • General Psychology

Test info catégorie

-1

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 80 POINTS
(questions 1 to 9)

Question

In the figure below, a specific phenomenon causes you to see the number 6, rather than a series of circles and squares.
Name and explain this phenomenon. (50 words)[6 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: (3 points for the name of the phenomenon and 3 points for the explanation) We see the number 6 because of a law of perceptual organization called similarity. This is the perceptual tendency to group together objects that are similar in appearance (here, the parts that are blue).

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 80 POINTS
(questions 1 to 9)

Question

Using appropriate terminology and the example of a man fishing, explain the difference between sensation and perception. (100 words)[9 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: (5 points for the explanation and 4 points for any concrete example that clearly illustrates the difference) Sensation is the stimulation of the sensory receptors. Perception is the interpretation of the sensation. Nerve endings in the man's hands are stimulated by the movement of the fishing rod; this is sensation. The man deduces that there is something (perhaps a fish!) on the end of his line; this is perception. Or: The rods and cones on the retina are stimulated by variations on the surface of the water; this is sensation. The man deduces that something (perhaps a fish!) is making the water move; this is perception.

-1

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 80 POINTS
(questions 1 to 9)

Question

In the photo below, indicate three monocular cues for depth perception. You must find and name each of the cues and describe their position in the photo. (120 words) [9 points]

(Photo LS009319. Alpine Italian Village (Photodisc))

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The student must locate three of these cues or any other monocular cue. Perspective: The lines on either side of the street converge. The closer the sides are to each other, the farther away they are from the foreground of the photo. The lines of the roofs and bottoms of the houses converge. The side of the house where these lines are the closest together is the side that is the farthest away. Texture gradient: The roof tiles on the houses in the foreground seem farther apart than those in the other houses. Clearness: The details are more defined on the front mountain than on the one behind it. Overlapping: The houses hide part of the mountain, which means they are closer. Shadowing: The shadowing on the roofs, houses and people give the impression that they are three-dimensional.

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 80 POINTS
(questions 1 to 9)

Question

Janel is sitting by the fire next to a lamp, drawing a birthday card for her grandmother. Suddenly there is a power blackout, leaving Janel working just by firelight to complete her drawing. She absolutely wants to get it finished. She bends closer to her paper and turns so the firelight will shine on her drawing.

Explain what is happening in Janel's pupils and lenses. (120 words) [10 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: (5 points for the explanation about the pupils and 5 points for the explanation about the lenses) Pupil: Since the amount of light is reduced, the pupil dilates to allow more light to enter the eye. When Janel turns to allow the firelight to shine on her drawing, her pupils readjust again (closing a little bit) to the stronger light. Lens: When Janel bends closer to her page, the lenses thicken to adjust to the distance of the object.

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 80 POINTS
(questions 1 to 9)

Question

Describe at least two of the common myths about hypnosis [2 points each], and also describe at least one purpose for which hypnosis might be used. [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The students should refer to the most common myths about hypnosis such as those associated with stage hypnotists, loss of control, superhuman strength, age-regression, etc. The students should also mention at least one of the legitimate uses of hypnosis such as for the treatment of high blood pressure, high anxiety, pain, etc.

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 80 POINTS
(questions 1 to 9)

Question

Two sleep stages give rise to similar EEG patterns, even though they are actually very different.
a) What are these two sleep stages? (4 points)
b) How are they different? (4 points)

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: a) Stage 1 NREM sleep and paradoxical sleep. b) Stage 1 sleep is lighter. If you wake up a person in this sleep stage, they feel as if they haven't been asleep. In paradoxical sleep, the person is deeply asleep and very difficult to awaken. In Stage 1, the breathing and heart rate are slow and regular, but in paradoxical sleep they speed up and become irregular. Also, in paradoxical sleep, the sleeper is almost paralysed.

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 80 POINTS
(questions 1 to 9)

Question

Last night during a sleep-walking incident, Nadia got up and ate two cookies and a slice of cheese.

Are we right to say that Nadia was in REM sleep while she had her snack? Justify your answer. (60 words) [7 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: It is wrong to say that Nadia was in REM sleep. Sleepwalking generally occurs during deep sleep. In general, no movement is possible in REM sleep because, due to the effect of a number of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, the reticular activating system paralyses the sleeper.

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 80 POINTS
(questions 1 to 9)

Question

Audrey is just reaching adulthood, and in therapy she thinks she remembers being sexually abused by her Uncle Samuel when she was 9 or 10. These memories are revealed through hypnotherapy. Her uncle is accused of sexual abuse. What argument could Samuel's lawyer use to help his client?
[10 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: Events reported under hypnosis are not necessarily accurate. A number of studies have shown that memories revealed through hypnosis are often false. The person becomes very sensitive to the hypnotist's suggestions and may create "memories" in order to meet their expectations. So a therapist convinced that a client has suffered from sexual abuse in childhood could convince them to press charges. The client is vulnerable enough to trust the therapist and may accept the results of the hypnosis so wholeheartedly that they really believe they remember the incidents of abuse. Every memory includes aspects that are real and others that are not completely real or that are even completely fabricated. What people remember under hypnosis is not a carbon copy of reality.

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 80 POINTS
(questions 1 to 9)

Question

Describe 2 different approaches to the causes of substance abuse and dependence[14 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: Social-Cognitive theory, Learning Theory, Biological Approach

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 20 POINTS
(questions 10 to 19)

Question

Our environment appears to us to be stable and constant. How can we explain this perceptual constancy? [2 points]
- It is an innate mechanism. (No¤ it depends on our previous experience.)
- It is due to a combination of several types of illusion. (No¤ it depends on our previous experience.)
- It depends on our previous experience. (Yes¤ that's right!)
- It's due to the great diversity of perceptual stimulations. (No¤ it depends on our previous experience.)
A: It depends on our previous experience.

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 20 POINTS
(questions 10 to 19)

Question

The atmosphere in the bar seems cacophonic, but thanks to a specific phenomenon, Jon can hold a conversation with his new conquest. What phenomenon is it? [2 points]
- Subliminal perception (No¤ it's the cocktail party effect.)
- Selective attention (No¤ it's the cocktail party effect.)
- Cocktail party effect (Well done!)
- Signal reduction theory (No¤ it's the cocktail party effect.)
A: Cocktail party effect

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 20 POINTS
(questions 10 to 19)

Question

In some 3D cinemas, the audience is given special glasses. These glasses ________________ . [2 points]
- bring together certain parts of the image (Wrong. The glasses select slightly different images for each eye.)
- enlarge certain parts of the image (Wrong. The glasses select slightly different images for each eye.)
- hide certain parts of the image (Wrong. The glasses select slightly different images for each eye.)
- select slightly different images for each eye (Yes¤ you got the right answer!)
A: select slightly different images for each eye

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 20 POINTS
(questions 10 to 19)

Question

Which of the following best illustrates difference threshold? [2 points]
- I can tell someone added a little salt to the soup. (Well done! That's the right answer.)
- I think this red makes a better background for the black letters than the blue does. (No¤ that's not it. It should be "I can tell someone added a little salt to the soup.")
- I can barely hear the person on the other end of the phone. (No¤ that's not it. It should be "I can tell someone added a little salt to the soup.")
- These two twins look alike¤ but their eyes are not the same colour. (No¤ that's not it. It should be "I can tell someone added a little salt to the soup.")
A: I can tell someone added a little salt to the soup.

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 20 POINTS
(questions 10 to 19)

Question

Which of the following could be used to illustrate the mechanism of size constancy? [2 points]
- The launching of a rocket (Well done!)
- The wheel of a bicycle (Wrong. It's the launching of a rocket.)
- Distant mountains that look slightly blue (Wrong. It's the launching of a rocket.)
- My shoe size (Wrong. It's the launching of a rocket.)
A: The launching of a rocket

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 20 POINTS
(questions 10 to 19)

Question

Nancy tries to wake up her husband, but it's almost impossible; he sleeps on and doesn't even react. What stage of sleep is he most likely to be in? [2 points]
- He is probably at the beginning of his first sleep cycle. (Wrong. He is probably in stage 4 sleep.)
- He has probably been sleeping for about one hour and is in stage 4 NREM sleep. (Yes¤ you're right!)
- Probably in stage 2¤ since this is the stage with sleep spindles. (Wrong. He is probably in stage 4 sleep.)
- It's probably toward the middle of the night because this is when people sleep most deeply. (Wrong. He is probably in stage 4 sleep.)
A: He has probably been sleeping for about one hour and is in stage 4 NREM sleep.

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 20 POINTS
(questions 10 to 19)

Question

What is the best definition of consciousness? [2 points]
- A state of arousal of the organism associated with a need. (Wrong answer. A better definition is a person's awareness of their environment and perceptions.)
- A person's awareness of their environment and perceptions (Yes¤ that's right!)
- The transmission of information about certain bodily functions (Wrong answer. A better definition is a person's awareness of their environment and perceptions.)
- A state of balance between the schemas and the environment (Wrong answer. A better definition is a person's awareness of their environment and perceptions.)
A: A person's awareness of their environment and perceptions

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 20 POINTS
(questions 10 to 19)

Question

Shirley is a writer. She works at home and produces about one book every two years. She is a rather anxious person and she sometimes gets depressed, but she usually manages to free herself from her anxiety through her writing. To be able to write late at night, however, she takes a certain drug. Which of the following do you think she takes? [2 points]
- Morphine (No¤ she probably takes amphetamines.)
- Amphetamines (Well done!)
- PCP (No¤ she probably takes amphetamines.)
- Hashish (No¤ she probably takes amphetamines.)
A: Amphetamines

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 20 POINTS
(questions 10 to 19)

Question

Alba is woken up by her baby, who is crying. She remembers very clearly that she was dreaming she was in a boat. Alba was probaby awakened when she was in ___________ . [2 points]
- REM sleep (Yes¤ you're right!)
- stage 4 NREM sleep (That's not right. Alba was probably awakened from REM sleep.)
- stage 3 NREM sleep (That's not right. Alba was probably awakened from REM sleep.)
- stage 2 NREM sleep (That's not right. Alba was probably awakened from REM sleep.)
A: REM sleep

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 20 POINTS
(questions 10 to 19)

Question

For a few weeks now Cecilia has been taking crack. She says she has finally discovered something that can make her happy. When she takes crack, she feels a surge of energy. At work, she is more productive than ever, and in her social relationships she feels more confident and dynamic. If Cecilia continues to take crack regularly, what dangers is she exposing herself to? [2 points]
- She may develop motor coordination problems and learning difficulties. (Wrong. When her euphoria disappears¤ she may feel depressed and suffer from insomnia and headaches.)
- She will develop a physical dependency and suffer from withdrawal symptoms if she cannot get any crack. (Wrong. When her euphoria disappears¤ she may feel depressed and suffer from insomnia and headaches.)
- When her euphoria disappears¤ she may feel depressed and suffer from insomnia and headaches. (Right!)
- She will end up with high blood pressure and frequent vomiting. (Wrong. When her euphoria disappears¤ she may feel depressed and suffer from insomnia and headaches.)
A: When her euphoria disappears¤ she may feel depressed and suffer from insomnia and headaches.