Title: Cat for Homework 4K
Course: 350-102-RE-55-02 • General Psychology

Test info catégorie

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

Discuss your own behaviours as a college student using the motivational concepts of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and intrinsic motivation. First explain each of the concepts and then provide a personal example.

(About 120 words) [4 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The student should present clear and concise definitions of the two motivational concepts and then provide appropriate examples.

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

Drawing on the facial-feedback hypothesis and other related research, explain why movie actors who play lovers in films often fall in love in real life.

(About 120 words) [4 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: According to the facial-feedback hypothesis, facial expressions (scenes where actors have to express the feelings of love) can bring on the corresponding emotions. This is explained by the fact that facial changes have repercussions on the autonomic nervous system. (2 points) Besides, by realistically acting out the typical postures, facial movements and breathing that go with various emotions, actors actually experience those emotions. When they act out love, actors sometimes experience the feeling of love. (2 points)

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

Use the expression "the straw that breaks the camel's back" to explain how stress can lead to illness.

(About 80 words) [4 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: Stress can be caused by little daily hassles that seem harmless but that end up accumulating and leading to greater and greater stress. The person becomes less able to control the body's reactions as it goes through the three phases of the general adaption syndrome. When the exhaustion phase begins, the immune system can no longer function and illness sets in.

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

A large machine plant wants to design a test to be used in the hiring process to select the most efficient personnel. Experts have developed a test and now they want to check its validity.

In this specific situation, how should the validity of the test be measured?

(About 80 words) [4 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: First they need to find a way to measure the efficiency of the staff. Then they can do statistical analyses to correlate the test results with the efficiency of the individual staff members. (Give 2 points if the student only provides the definition from the textbook: "the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure.")

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

Using original examples (not from the textbook, the learning activities or the self-evaluation exercises), explain the following:

a) approach-approach conflict
(About 100 words) [3 points]

b) multiple approach-avoidance conflict
(About 100 words) [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: a) The explanation must be given using an original example. (Give 1 point for the explanation and 2 points for the example.) Definition: Conflict in which the goals that provide the conflicting motives are positive and available. There are the examples used in the lesson: - A girl having trouble choosing between two boys. (Learning activities, Part I) - A person choosing between an art history book and a walkman for a trip. (Commented questions) - A person choosing between two different vacations (textbook) b) multiple approach-avoidance conflict The explanation must be given using an original example. (Give 1 point for the explanation and 2 points for the example.) Definition: Conflict in which each goal includes negative and postive aspects. These are the examples used in the lesson: Career choice: program, length of studies, job opportunity. Study abroad or in Montreal: enrol in a superior program or see girlfriend. Study or go to a movie.

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

The textbook discusses strategies for coping with stress, especially self-efficacy expectations and psychological hardiness.

Draw a parallel between these two factors.

(About 80 words) [4 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: These two factors are very similar. Psychological hardiness allows people to cushion the effects of stress because they are totally engaged in what they are doing, they look for challenges and they feel they are in control of their lives. It may be that they get involved and seek challenges because they have confidence in their own capacity to meet these challenges and succeed, and this is what we call self-efficacy expectations.

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

Based on your knowledge of the factors that can influence intellectual development, indicate how parents can, before and after the birth of a child, help it develop superior intelligence.
(About 150 words) [6 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: First of all, during the pregnancy the mother must choose healthy food and avoid alcohol, tobacco, drugs and medication. All precautions must be made to ensure that the child is not deprived of oxygen during birth. The child should then be well nourished and cared for. Children whose parents are emotionally and verbally involved with their children and who provide appropriate toys and varied daily experiences during the early years of life have higher IQs later in life.

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

Two brothers are born exactly 3 years apart, and they both have an IQ of 120. The older boy has a mental age of 9 ½.

a) What is the mental age of the younger brother?
(About 10 words) [2 points]

b) Explain how you arrived at your answer.
(About 80 words) [2 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: a) 6 years (not 6 ½) b) You have to calculate the chronological age of the older brother using the following formula: MA/CA x 100 = IQ. This gives a chronological age of 8, which means the younger brother is 5. Using the same formula, the mental age of the younger brother is calculated.

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

The first phase of the general adaptation syndrome includes a physiological reaction that releases energy for fight or flight. This reaction used to be caused by the presence of a predator or a noise in the underbrush, but today it can also be caused by other situations.

a)Using this as your example, describe the components of classical conditioning. [4 points]

b)Which conditioning mechanism explains why this reaction has also extended to other similar situations? [2 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: a) Unconditioned stimulus: Perception of danger Unconditioned response: Fight or flight reaction Conditioned stimulus: Sight of a predator or noise in the underbrush Conditioned response: Fight or flight reaction b) Name of mechanism: Generalization Give a concrete example: Anything that makes a noise can provoke the fight or flight reaction

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

Anorexia nervosa is caused by a disequilibrium in certain neurotransmitters. True or False?

Justify your answer by giving at least three causes.
(160 words) [6 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: (Partly true and partly false. Points are given based on the student's explanation.) This is one of the possible hypotheses (noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine). There are other possible explanations. (2 points) (The student must give at least two others) (2 points each) - Some psychoanalysts believe anorexia is caused by a difficulty balancing autonomy and dependence (child's opposition to parental control). - Another hypothesis backed by some psychoanalysts is that anorexia arises from the girl's trouble establishing a womanly identity (anorexia is the girl's unconscious attempt to maintain her child's body as she grows toward adulthood). - The cultural obsession with being thin causes phobias related to weight gain and a distortion of body image. - Weight loss provides strong reinforcement because it gives the impression of perfection and self-control. - Our society equates thinness and beauty. The families of anorexics often place a great deal of importance on beauty and success.

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

Ever since she heard on the news about a rapist climbing in an open window to attack a young woman, Shelley is taking endless security measures. Since she lives alone, she bought a dog, had the locks on all her windows checked and installed a security system with a motion detector. It still isn't enough: Shelley is still afraid that someone will break into her apartment, so every night before she goes to bed she checks every window and activates the alarm.

A few minutes later, even though she knows very well it's useless, she gets up, disactivates the alarm and rechecks all the windows. Then she re-activates the alarm and goes back to bed. A few minutes later, she's back up again.
She repeats the whole scenario every night until she is exhausted and falls asleep. As time passes it just gets worse; sometimes she can't even go to work because she hasn't slept all night. Shelley's mother thinks her daughter is suffering from generalized anxiety disorder.

Explain why Shelley's mother is wrong and why this cannot be what Shelley is suffering from.
(About 90 words) [3 points]

Explain what psychological disorder Shelley is suffering from and justify your answer.
(About 60 words) [2 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: Shelley is not suffering from generalized anxiety disorder because this disorder is chronic and uncontrollable yet is not attributable to any one object, situation or activity. Shelley's problem occurs at night in her apartment. (2 points) With generalized anxiety disorder, the autonomic system is hyperactive: accelerated heart rate and respiration, variation of body temperature, digestion problems, etc., which doesn't seem to be the case for Shelley. (1 point) Shelley is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. (1 point) There is a unmanageable obsession (the fear of someone getting into her apartment) that is disrupting Shelley's life. There is also a compulsion (to check the windows) that aims to calm the obsession. If she does not check the windows, Shelley is overwhelmed by anxiety that can only be relieved - if only temporarily - by checking the windows. (1 point)

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

In Sec. 3, Helen took an intelligence test and scored 124. The next year she took another equivalent test and scored only 98. The same drop was observed in the other students' scores. Based on the information you have, give the most plausible explanation of these results. [2 points]
- There is a problem with the test's validity. (Sorry¤ wrong answer. It is a problem with the test's reliability.)
- There is a problem with the test's reliability. (That's right! Congratulations!)
- The test is not free of cultural bias. (Sorry¤ wrong answer. It is a problem with the test's reliability.)
- The test did not measure overall intellectual ability. (Sorry¤ wrong answer. It is a problem with the test's reliability.)
A: There is a problem with the test's reliability.

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Approximately what percentage of the population has an IQ score above 130? [2 points]
- 1% (Wrong. The correct answer is 2%.)
- 2% (Bravo!)
- 5% (Wrong. The correct answer is 2%.)
- 10% (Wrong. The correct answer is 2%.)
A: 2%

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Which of the following is the name of an inherited behavioural disposition to accomplish a certain goal? [2 points]
- Drive (Wrong. The correct answer is instinct.)
- Instinct (You are right!)
- Need (Wrong. The correct answer is instinct.)
- Motive (Wrong. The correct answer is instinct.)
A: Instinct

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Edgar watches as a truck-load of wood is unloaded into his neighbour's yard. It looks as if there are more logs piled up on the ground than there were in the truck, but he knows that if they were put back into the truck, there would be the same amount. According to Piaget, what stage of cognitive development is Edgar in? [2 points]
- Concrete operational stage (That's the right answer!)
- Sensorimotor stage (Sorry! Wrong answer. It's the concrete operational stage.)
- Formal operational stage (Sorry! Wrong answer. It's the concrete operational stage.)
- Preoperational stage (Sorry! Wrong answer. It's the concrete operational stage.)
A: Concrete operational stage

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

As soon as he is hungry, three-week-old Shemar starts crying. His mother quickly picks him up in her arms to nurse him. Then the baby goes quietly back to sleep for two or three hours, until his hunger makes him cry again. What theory most accurately explains Shemar's behaviour? [2 points]
- Instinct (Sorry¤ that's not the right answer. Drive-reduction theory is a better explanation for his behaviour.)
- Drive-reduction theory (Well done!)
- Maslow's theory (Sorry¤ that's not the right answer. Drive-reduction theory is a better explanation for his behaviour.)
- Optimal arousal theory (Sorry¤ that's not the right answer. Drive-reduction theory is a better explanation for his behaviour.)
A: Drive-reduction theory

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

One of the criteria used by psychologists to evaluate behaviour normality is the interpretation of reality. Which of the following behaviours could be judged abnormal based on this criterion? [2 points]
- Getting involved in extreme sports (Sorry! Wrong answer. You should have chosen "Fear of elevators".)
- Running naked into the street (Sorry! Wrong answer. You should have chosen "Fear of elevators".)
- Fear of elevators (You're right! Well done!)
- Compulsive gambling (Sorry! Wrong answer. You should have chosen "Fear of elevators".)
A: Fear of elevators

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Which component of emotion is common to both joy and anger? [2 points]
- Absence of control (Sorry! Wrong answer. It's activation of the autonomic nervous system.)
- Involvement of a third person (Sorry! Wrong answer. It's activation of the autonomic nervous system.)
- Activation of the autonomic nervous system (Congratulations! C is the right answer.)
- None of the above (Sorry! Wrong answer. It's activation of the autonomic nervous system.)
A: Activation of the autonomic nervous system

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

A newspaper photo shows a person with her eyes wide open, her mouth half open and her arms down. Her eyebrows are raised and slightly together. What emotion could we conclude she is showing? [2 points]
- Joy (Sorry¤ but A is not the right answer. Fear is the right answer.)
- Fear (Fabulous - you got it right!)
- Anger (Sorry¤ but C is not the right answer. Fear is the right answer.)
- Disgust (Sorry¤ but D is not the right answer. Fear is the right answer.)
A: Fear

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Which of the following is a condition of arousal that is related with a need? [2 points]
- Drive (You are right!)
- Instinct (Wrong. The correct answer is drive.)
- Need (Wrong. The correct answer is drive.)
- Incentive (Wrong. The correct answer is drive.)
A: Drive

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Which intelligence theorist claims that intelligence develops as the child tries to understand the world around it? [2 points]
- Sternberg (Sorry¤ wrong answer. It's actually Piaget.)
- Piaget (Excellent! You chose the right answer.)
- Guilford (Sorry¤ wrong answer. It's actually Piaget.)
- Spearman (Sorry¤ wrong answer. It's actually Piaget.)
A: Piaget

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Veronica and Martin met when they were in cégep; they got married as soon as they finished their medical lab technician studies. They found jobs in different cities, so Martin stays with his grandmother during the week and returns home on the weekend. For a few weeks now, Martin has been acting strangely. He seems more and more introverted and is beginning to show signs of jealousy. He accused Veronica of fooling around on him, getting him in trouble at work and preventing him from finding inner peace by moving things around their apartment. Now he has quit his job and spends the entire day watching TV, speaking to the characters on the shows as if they were talking to him. He watches everything Veronica does and listens in on her phone calls, claiming someone has told him they saw her with another man. He says he has to keep an eye on her because she could be dangerous. He is getting increasingly illogical and incoherent. Veronica doesn't know what to do. She has tried to talk to him, and he even admitted the other day that he knew how absurd his behaviour is and that he felt really terrible about it. But then a couple of days later it all started again, as if he didn't remember their conversation. What psychological disorder is Martin suffering from?                [2 points]
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (Sorry! Wrong answer. It's actually schizophrenia.)
- Generalized anxiety disorder (Sorry! Wrong answer. It's actually schizophrenia.)
- Schizophrenia (You're right. Martin is suffering from schizophrenia.)
- Bipolar disorder (Sorry! Wrong answer. It's actually schizophrenia.)
A: Schizophrenia

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

You will need the scenario to answer all of the questions in this third part.

Question

Explain the following concept using an example from this story.

Mental age
(About 30 words) [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. Mental age corresponds to level of development. If Kosta has an IQ of 145 at the age of 8, his mental age is about 11 ½.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example from this story.

Very superior intelligence
(About 30 words) [2 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: People with an IQ over 130 are considered to be of very superior intelligence. With an IQ of 145, Kosta is among the top 0.25 % of the population.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Autonomic nervous system
(About 50 words) [2 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. In a stressful situation, the sympathetic nervous system becomes active. For example, when Kosta is afraid, his sympathetic nervous system accelerates his heart beat.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example from this story.
Alarm reaction
(About 30 words) [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. The alarm reaction is the first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome according to Selye. The alarm reaction is triggered by a stressor and brings about a series of hormonal and physiological changes that prepare the body for fight or flight. Kosta appears to be experiencing an alarm reaction while he is standing on the diving board.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Selective attention
(About 50 words) [2 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. Selective attention is the ability to concentrate on certain stimuli and ignore the rest. Kosta concentrates on his coach's voice and hears nothing else.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Shaping
(About 50 words) [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. Shaping is a learning technique that consists of reinforcing successive approximations of a target behaviour. When the diving coach congratulates Kosta for every good move, he is using shaping.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Reinforcement
(About 25 words) [2 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. Reinforcement increases the frequency of a behaviour. The medal that Kosta won is a type of positive reinforcement because it encouraged him to continue his diving lessons.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Maintenance rehearsal
(About 50 words) [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. By trying to learn the words and math facts off by heart, Eric is using maintenance rehearsal, which is much less effective than elaborative rehearsal for transferring information to the long-term memory.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Gardner's multiple intelligences.
(About 50 words) [2 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. When Kosta uses blueprints to build a three-dimensional Lego space station, he is demonstrating the ability to visualize shapes and spatial relationships. Spatial intelligence is one of Gardner's multiple intelligences.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Type of conflict experienced
(About 50 words) [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. Eric is experiencing an approach-avoidance conflict, since the situation has both approach motives (he wants to spend time with Kosta) and avoidance motives (he doesn't like the game).