Title: Cat for Homework 4L
Course: 350-102-RE-55-02 • General Psychology

Test info catégorie

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

According to the facial-feedback hypothesis, if you put on an angry face you will feel more aggressive.

Explain the relationship between the expression and the feeling. (80 words)[4 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: When we contract the facial muscles into an angry expression, we activate our sympathetic nervous system and increase our heart beat. The greater the activation, the more intense the emotion feels. (Give 2 points if the student's answer deals only with brain temperature and the secretion of neurotransmitters.)

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

Discuss the relationship between daily hassles and well-being. Mention at least 2 of the daily hassles you live with.
(80 words) [4 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The student should define daily hassles (e.g., regularly occurring experiences or events that could threaten well-being). [2 points] The student should also provide at least 2 examples from their own lives (e.g., shopping, too many things to do, lonely, taxes, debts, etc.). [1 point for each example]

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

Which of the following statements relate to Type-A pattern behaviour. [4 points]

Type-A pattern behaviour __________________________________.
a) has allowed a cause-and-effect link to be drawn between stress and cancer
b) is associated with coronary heart disease
c) is found especially among those who like to avoid competition
d) is characteristic of people who are impatient
e) is often associated with the desire for power
f) is often found in students with repeated academic failures
g) is common in people who are very hard on themselves
h) is typical of people who like to delegate their responsibilities

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: (Subtract 1 point for each wrong answer or each missing right answer) Right answers: b), d), e), g)

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

A forestry school wants to design an admissions test to help select the best prospective students. Experts developed a test and now they want to check its validity.

In this specific situation, how should the school proceed to assess the validity of the test? [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: First they have to determine how to assess the students' performance. Then they should carry out a statistical analysis of the correlation between the students' performance and their results on the admission test. (Give 2 points of the student only gives the definition from the textbook ("The validity of a test is the extent to which it measures what it is supposed to measure") or the learning activities ("The validity of a test is measured by the relationship between what was predicted and the performance of the person in the target situation").

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

Using an original example (not taken from the textbook or the online learning or self-evaluation exercises), explain the following:

a) avoidance-avoidance conflict (100 words) [3 points]
b) approach-avoidance conflict (100 words) [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: a) avoidance-avoidance conflict [3 points] (The explanation must be given using an original example. Give 1 point for the explanation and 2 points for the example. ) Definition: Conflict in which the goals are negative, but avoidance of one requires approaching the other. These are the examples used in the lesson: Go to the dentist or suffer tooth decay (page 369-370) Do an oral presentation or receive a mark of 0 (learning activity) b) approach-avoidance conflict [3 points] (The explanation must be given using an original example. Give 1 point for the explanation and 2 points for the example.) Definition: Conflict in which the same goal produces approach and avoidance motives. Here are the examples used in the lesson: Eat a piece of delicious but calorie-laden cheesecake (pages 369-370) Go to the Jazz Fest with someone you like but you hate jazz (learning activity) See a friend and suffer allergies because of her cat No room in the budget for a better-quality product (short-answer questions)

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

Despite several studies demonstrating the link between daily hassles and life changes and illness, we must tread carefully in concluding that stress causes illness.

Explain why, using your own words. (150 words) [4 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: This is the answer from the textbook. The student must paraphrase this answer. "The links between daily hassles, life changes, and health problems are supported by research. But what leads to what? Although it may appear obvious that hassles and life changes should cause health problems, what is obvious can be incomplete, even wrong...One possible explanation is that people who are predisposed toward medical or psychological problems encounter more hassles and amass more life-change units. For example, undiagnosed medical disorders may contribute to sexual problems, arguments with spouses or in-laws, changes in living conditions and personal habits, and changes in sleeping habits." This is the information we hope to find in the answer: Correlational study: undiagnosed illness may be causing the problems. (2 points) Stress also depends on the meaning or importance of the event for the individual. (2 points)

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

A couple want to adopt a child. They are offered a three-month-old baby whose mother was intellectually disabled. The couple's family and friends warn them that the child will probably also be intellectually disabled since intelligence is hereditary.

a) Do you agree with this point of view? Why? (50 words) [2 points]
b) Based on your understanding of intelligence, what arguments could the couple use to justify their decision to adopt the child anyway?
(120 words) [4 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: a) Do you agree with this point of view? Why? [2 points] Partly agree with the point of view. Intelligence depends partly on genetic factors and partly on environmental factors. b) Based on your understanding of intelligence, what arguments could the couple use to justify their decision to adopt the child anyway? First of all, we do not know the cause of the mother's disability. It may not be genetic because intellectual disability can be caused by environmental factors. (2 points) Even if genetic factors reduce the child's intellectual potential, however, it has been demonstrated that an enriched environment (parents who are emotionally and verbally involved with their children and who provide appropriate toys and varied daily experiences during the early years of life) can improve the child's intellectual performance. (2 points)

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

The parents of eight-year-old Freddy are very proud of their son, who has a mental age of 9 even though his six-year-old cousin only has a mental age of 7.

Comment on this situation, based on what you know about measuring intelligence. (60 words) [6 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: Freddy's parents are right to be proud of their son, whose intelligence is higher than average. At 116, however, the cousin's IQ is even higher than Freddy's (112.5).

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

[Page 373 of the textbook describes an experiment conducted by Albert Bandura and his colleagues on the relation between self-efficacy expectations and blood concentrations of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline.]

Using the concepts of experimental method from Lesson 1, explain this experiment.

a) Formulate a hypothesis that relates self-efficacy expectations and blood concentrations of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline that is consistent with the description of the experiment in the textbook. (50 words) [4 points]

b) Indicate the independent variable. (10 words) [1 point]
c) Indicate the dependent variable. (10 words) [1 point]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: a) Formulate a hypothesis. [4 points] It is hypothesized that persons with high self-efficacy expectations will experience lower levels of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline in the bloodstream when exposed to a fearful stimulus than persons with low self-efficacy expectations. b) Indicate the independent variable(s). [1 point] Subjects' self-efficacy. c) Indicate the dependent variable. [1 point] Bloodstream levels of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline.

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

Sophia feels very uncomfortable in a crowd. She knows there is no reason to be afraid, but she can't help it: as soon as there are a lot of people around her, she starts to sweat and hyperventilate and she trembles and feels nauseated.

Sophia's sister says it's agoraphobia, but her brother thinks she's having panic attacks. The psychologist that Sophia goes to see says both of them are partly right.

Explain the basis of the psychologist's diagnosis of combined agoraphobia and panic attacks.
(60 words) [5 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: Sophia could be suffering from agoraphobia because she gets uncontrollably and irrationally afraid when she is in a crowd. Although people with phobias realize their fear is absurd, they cannot control themselves. (3 points) In these situations, it is not unusual to have a panic attack. Sophia is demonstrating some of the typical symptoms: perspiration, trembling, feeling of suffocating, nausea... (2 points)

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 53 POINTS
(questions 1 to 11)

Question

Rami has two daughters just entering teenagehood. They live with their mother and he doesn't see them regularly. Sometimes he feels like spending more time with them. Then he calls them and takes them to the zoo, to La Ronde, to the seaside or to New York City. He gives them presents and takes them out to restaurants and tries to get shared custody. His ex is firmly opposed, and she reminds him that he can see them anytime he wants, but that she wants to retain custody. She knows that after these periods of exuberance, Rami will feel beaten down and lifeless. He will spend weeks or even months with no interest in life, anxious, unhappy and convinced he is good for nothing. When he is like this, he cannot take care of the children. It has been like this ever since she met him, and this is the main reason for their split.

Explain why Rami's psychological disorder is not a dissociative identity disorder. Then explain what his problem is and justify your answer.
(About 90 words) [5 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: Rami is not suffering from a dissociative identity disorder, a problem characterized by the presence of two or more personalities in the same individual, because in this case each personality would have its own background, self-image and name. This isn't the case with Rami: he maintains his identity, but his behaviour changes. (2 points) Rami is suffering from bipolar disorder. (1 point) People with bipolar disorder have mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression. In the manic phase, Rami feels excited and behaves extravagantly. In the depressive phase, he feels beaten down and worthless, and his lack of self-esteem makes him miserable. (2 points)

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Which of the following sentences is most typical of a child in the preoperational stage. Based on the information you have, give the most plausible explanation. [2 points]
- If I posit a hypothesis¤ I should evaluate every combination of answers. (Sorry¤ that's not right. The answer is: "If I break my slice of cheese into little tiny pieces¤ I'll have a lot more to eat.")
- Sophie hates vegetable juice now because once she threw up after she drank some. (Sorry¤ that's not right. The answer is: "If I break my slice of cheese into little tiny pieces¤ I'll have a lot more to eat.")
- If I break my slice of cheese into little tiny pieces¤ I'll have a lot more to eat. (Great! You got the right answer!)
- Even if I spread my pennies out on the table¤ I know I have the same number that I have when they are all in my hand. (Sorry¤ that's not right. The answer is: "If I break my slice of cheese into little tiny pieces¤ I'll have a lot more to eat.")
A: If I break my slice of cheese into little tiny pieces¤ I'll have a lot more to eat.

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Which of the following situations illustrates a cognitive adaptation strategy used in response to a stressful situation? [2 points]
- I come home to discover that someone has stolen my TV. I tell myself: "I never have time to read. This will be a good opportunity to read all those books on my reading list." (Well done!)
- A raccoon got into my garbage during the night and spread it all around the yard. I decide to buy a big plastic garbage can with a good lid. (No¤ unfortunately that's not it. The right answer is: I come home to discover that someone has stolen my TV. I tell myself: "I never have time to read. This will be a good opportunity to read all those books on my reading list.")
- Since I'm planning to get a new job¤ I decide to sign up for a relaxation course. (No¤ unfortunately that's not it. The right answer is: I come home to discover that someone has stolen my TV. I tell myself: "I never have time to read. This will be a good opportunity to read all those books on my reading list.")
- At the grocery store¤ my five-year-old never stops bugging me to buy her treats. I decide to leave her with a babysitter while I do the shopping. (No¤ unfortunately that's not it. The right answer is: I come home to discover that someone has stolen my TV. I tell myself: "I never have time to read. This will be a good opportunity to read all those books on my reading list.")
A: I come home to discover that someone has stolen my TV. I tell myself: "I never have time to read. This will be a good opportunity to read all those books on my reading list."

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Peter Salovey and John Mayer developed the theory of emotional intelligence. Which of the three types of intelligence in Sternberg's triarchic model corresponds to emotional intelligence? [2 points]
- Analytical intelligence (Sorry! It's practical intelligence.)
- Creative intelligence (Sorry! It's practical intelligence.)
- Practical intelligence (Well done!)
- Intrapersonal intelligence (Sorry! It's practical intelligence.)
A: Practical intelligence

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Suddenly I feel a little weak and I realize I am hungry. I head to the student cafeteria to buy some cookies. When I get there, the person ahead of me is buying a sandwich, so I decide to have one too. Then I go back to the library and continue reading quietly. What is the incentive in this story? [2 points]
- Suddenly I feel a little weak and I realize I am hungry. (No¤ that's wrong. You should have answered "The person ahead of me is buying a sandwich¤ so I decide to have one too.")
- I head to the student cafeteria. (No¤ that's wrong. You should have answered "The person ahead of me is buying a sandwich¤ so I decide to have one too.")
- The person ahead of me is buying a sandwich¤ so I decide to have one too. (Yes! That's it.)
- I go back to the library and continue reading quietly. (No¤ that's wrong. You should have answered "The person ahead of me is buying a sandwich¤ so I decide to have one too.")
A: The person ahead of me is buying a sandwich¤ so I decide to have one too.

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Exploration and manipulation are _____________. [2 points]
- primary drives (Excellent!)
- learned drives (Sorry¤ that's not the right answer. Exploration and manipulation are primary drives.)
- social drives (Sorry¤ that's not the right answer. Exploration and manipulation are primary drives.)
- exclusive to certain animal species (Sorry¤ that's not the right answer. Exploration and manipulation are primary drives.)
A: primary drives

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Which of the following arguments could be used by opponents of Maslow's theory? [2 points]
- Behaviour is motivated by the conscious desire for personal growth. (Sorry¤ that's wrong! The right answer is: Some people never set personal challenges for themselves¤ even when their love and belongingness needs are satisfied.)
- Some people never set personal challenges for themselves¤ even when their love and belongingness needs are satisfied. (That answer is absolutely right!)
- Some people get involved in activities that increase tension rather than reducing it. (Sorry¤ that's wrong! The right answer is: Some people never set personal challenges for themselves¤ even when their love and belongingness needs are satisfied.)
- Some people attempt to ensure their love and belongingness needs are met before they seek recognition for their creative works. (Sorry¤ that's wrong! The right answer is: Some people never set personal challenges for themselves¤ even when their love and belongingness needs are satisfied.)
A: Some people never set personal challenges for themselves¤ even when their love and belongingness needs are satisfied.

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Some people claim to have more than one personality simultaneously residing within their bodies. Which of the following psychological disorders is consistent with this description? [2 points]
- Dissociative amnesia (Wrong. The correct answer is dissociative identity disorder.)
- Schizophrenia (Wrong. The correct answer is dissociative identity disorder.)
- Dissociative identity disorder (You are right!)
- Dissociative fugue (Wrong. The correct answer is dissociative identity disorder.)
A: Dissociative identity disorder

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

During a violent storm, an electrical wire broke and fell at Stefano's feet as he was crossing the street. He leapt out of the way and ran back to the sidewalk. Standing there, he became aware that his heart was beating very hard and that he was afraid. What theory of emotion does this story reflect? [2 points]
- James-Lange theory (Great! That's the right answer.)
- Cannon-Bard theory (Sorry¤ but B is not the right answer. It's actually the James-Lange theory.)
- Cognitive appraisal theory (Sorry¤ but C is not the right answer. It's actually the James-Lange theory.)
- Maslow's theory (Sorry¤ but D is not the right answer. It's actually the James-Lange theory.)
A: James-Lange theory

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Which of the following situations could be considered stressful?[2 points]

1. Moving
2. Winning the lottery
3. Getting in a car accident, but without being physically injured
4. The death of your dog
- Just 1 (No¤ that's not right. Actually all of these situations are stressful.)
- 1 and 4 (No¤ that's not right. Actually all of these situations are stressful.)
- Just 3 (No¤ that's not right. Actually all of these situations are stressful.)
- Just 4 (No¤ that's not right. Actually all of these situations are stressful.)
- All of these situations are stressful. (Bravo!)
- None of these situations is really stressful. (No¤ that's not right. Actually all of these situations are stressful.)
A: All of these situations are stressful.

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Lawrence worked as a used car salesperson for several years. Then, at 32, he decided to go back to school and keep working part-time three nights a week. For a few months he put in long days and short nights, but things went fairly smoothly: he did well in school and his part-time work covered his expenses and gave him the opportunity to keep in touch with his friends. A year later, however, he suffered a major burnout. During those few months of success, what phase of the general adaption syndrome was he in? [2 points]
- Alarm reaction (No¤ it was the resistance phase.)
- The resistance phase (Excellent! That's the right answer.)
- Exhaustion phase (No¤ it was the resistance phase.)
- Hypertension phase (No¤ it was the resistance phase.)
A: The resistance phase

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 22 POINTS
(questions 12 to 22)

Question

Anna met Craig in a bar where she was celebrating her 20th birthday with some friends. He is a tall, well-built and handsome young man, and she finds him very charming. He loves to talk about the great jobs he has had, the places he has lived and his athletic exploits, but Anna soon realizes that none of it is true. He seems to lie like this to every girl he meets, and he never seems to get attached to anyone. She recently learned he had spent time in prison and that the reason he had never invited her to his place is that he is hiding at a friend's place because he is wanted for extorsion. As she gets to know him she finds out that he takes all sorts of different drugs and is always looking for a good time. Craig takes advantage of the people around him - he never feels the least remorse or gratitude. What psychological disorder could be at the root of Craig's behaviour? [2 points]
- Conversion disorder (That's not right. Craig has antisocial personality disorder.)
- Generalized anxiety disorder (That's not right. Craig has antisocial personality disorder.)
- Antisocial personality disorder (That's right¤ Craig has antisocial personality disorder.)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (That's not right. Craig has antisocial personality disorder.)
A: Antisocial personality disorder

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

You will need the scenario to answer all of the questions in this third part.

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Positive reinforcement
(About 30 words) [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. Being near Gurat was the positive reinforcer that encouraged Calantha to change jobs and move to Quebec City.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Type of conflict experienced
(About 30 words) [2 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. They are facing an approach-avoidance conflict because the desire to have a child entails approach motives (the love they have to give) and avoidance motives (curtailed freedom).

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Maslow's theory
(About 50 words) [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. The desire to have a child fulfils the need for self-actualization. Since their physiological needs, their safety needs and their love and belongingness needs are satisfied, they can focus on their need for personal growth.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Strategies for countering stress
(About 50 words) [2 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. People with a good sense of humour are less affected by the negative events of life.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Episodic memory
(About 50 words) [2 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. This memory (getting hurt the day she wore her yellow dress) is stored in episodic memory since it is an event that she personally experienced.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Classical conditioning
(About 50 words) [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. She was conditioned to be nauseated (CR) when she sees an apple (CS). Initially, apples were an NS, but because they were associated with the nausea (UR) of morning sickness (UR), now they make her feel sick.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Cognitive learning
(About 25 words) [2 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. The ability to do crosswords could be attributed to cognitive learning.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Predictability of a stressor
(About 50 words) [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. The ability to predict the appearance of a stressor moderates its impact. Predictability (she knew what to expect thanks to her pre-natal classes) allowed Calantha to rally her strength and overcome the pain more easily.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.

Intrinsic motive
(About 50 words) [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The answer below is given as an example. Other answers that fully answer the question are also acceptable. They wanted to have a child as an expression of their love.

PART THREE: INTEGRATION QUESTIONS / 25 POINTS
(questions 23 to 32)

Question

Explain the following concept using an example drawn from this story.
Behaviour and Health

(About 50 words) [2 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: There are many behaviours that are directly related with physical health. When Calantha discovers she is pregnant she watches her diet and refrains from drinking alcohol to ensure that her child has a good start in life. Indeed, patterns of consumption, including eating and drinking alcohol, are related to physical health.