Title: Cat for Homework 3K
Course: 350-102-RE-55-02 • General Psychology

Test info catégorie

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 56 POINTS
(questions 1 to 6)

Question

Abdul likes teaching his dog Cactus all sorts of tricks. Recently he taught him to play dead. After saying "Play dead," Abdul laid the dog on his back with his legs in the air and held him there for a few moments. Then he gave him a piece of sausage. Now, after a few days of training, Cactus lies down on his back as soon as Abdul says "Play dead."

a) What type of learning is used in this example?
[2 points]

- classical conditioning
- operant conditioning
- observational learning

b) Justify your answer.
(About 30 words) [2 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: a) This is operant conditioning. (2 points) b) It is an associative type of learning. The dog associates the piece of sausage with lying down when he hears "Play dead." This is operant conditioning because the response (playing dead) is followed by a stimulus that acts as a positive reinforcer (the piece of sausage). (2 points)

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 56 POINTS
(questions 1 to 6)

Question

Leiah was walking barefoot around a lake when suddenly a frog leapt out just ahead of her. Startled, Leiah jumped and hurt her foot on a sharp rock. Since then Leiah has been afraid of frogs. Her father helped her overcome this fear by holding a frog in his hands so she could get close to it. She gradually overcame her fear and by the end of the summer she could walk along the shore alone despite the frogs. When the family first returned to the lake the next summer, however, her fear of frogs resurfaced.

Explain each of the following concepts and say whether it is illustrated in this story.

a) Conditioned stimulus
(About 80 words) [3 points]

b) Conditioned response
(About 80 words) [3 points]

c) Unconditioned stimulus
(About 80 words) [3 points]

d) Extinction
(About 80 words) [3 points]

e) Spontaneous recovery
(About 80 words) [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: a) The conditioned stimulus is the stimulus that was neutral in the beginning but that ended up triggering a conditioned response because it was associated with an unconditioned stimulus that triggered this response. In this story, the frogs are the conditioned stimulus. They did not initially scare Leiah, but then they did because they were associated with the painful injury. (3 points) b) The conditioned response is the learned response. In the beginning, it was not triggered by the neutral stimulus. In this example, the learned response is the fear of frogs. (3 points) c) The unconditioned stimulus is the stimulus that automatically triggers the response. In this example, the painful injury on the sharp rock triggered the fear. (3 points) d) Extinction is the progressive disappearance of a response when the conditioned stimulus is no longer followed by the unconditioned stimulus. When Leiah's father gently presents her with a frog, she is not startled and does not hurt her foot. The gradually dissipating fear is an example of extinction. (3 points) e) Spontaneous recovery is the reapprance of a conditioned response that has disappeared after a period of extinction. The fear of frogs that resurfaces the next summer although it had dissipated by the end of the previous summer is an example of spontaneous recovery. (3 points)

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 56 POINTS
(questions 1 to 6)

Question

Daniel just enrolled in a college-level distance education course and he is afraid he doesn't have enough self-discipline to do well.

How can he use his knowledge of operant conditioning to establish an effective study schedule?
(About 150 words) [6 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The student's response must discuss reinforcement (4 points). It must also discuss shaping or target objectives (2 points). Daniel could use shaping by establishing a study schedule with awards. For example, he could allow himself a treat, like watching a TV show or eating a cookie (positive reinforcement) each time he finished a section of the workbook or studied for 45 minutes. Here is another example. Over the longer term, Daniel could set goals and reward himself (positive reinforcement) when he achieves them. If he gets at least 80% on his first homework assignment, for example, he could buy a comic book or if he gets 90 he could go out to eat in a restaurant.

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 56 POINTS
(questions 1 to 6)

Question

A rat was conditioned to get food by depressing a lever. It was taught to depress the lever only when the light is on (when the light is off, no food comes out when the lever is depressed). Then the rat was taught to turn on the light itself by pushing on a rod. In this way the rat was conditioned to carry out a chain of actions: push on the rod the turn on the light; when the light is on, depress the lever to make food fall into the plate; at that moment, the light turns off. The rat then has to return to the rod to turn the light back on.

a) What is the primary reinforcer? Justify your answer.
(About 30 words) [3 points]

b) What is the secondary reinforcer? Justify your answer.
(About 60 words) [4 points]

c) Give an example of discrimination in this experiment and justify your answer.
(About 30 words) [5 points]

d) Describe how shaping could be used to teach the rat to push the rod.
(About 80 words) [4 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: a) The food (1 point) The food meets a primary need: hunger(2 points) b) The light (1 point) The light goes on after pressure is exerted on the rod. This is a secondary reinforcer because it has been associated with a primary reinforcer (when the light goes on, the rat can get food by depressing the lever).(3 points) c) The rat depresses the lever only when the light is on. (2 points) It learned to discriminate between the two situations because the reinforcement is only available when the light is on. (3 points) d) Reinforcement is given (here, the light goes on) for successive approximations of the target behaviour. The conditioning is done in stages: 1) when the rat looks at the rod; 2) when it approaches the rod; 3) when it touches the rod; and 4) when it pushes the rod.(4 points)

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 56 POINTS
(questions 1 to 6)

Question

Tomorrow in class you have to do an oral presentation on pesticides.

a) To prepare, will you use maintenance rehearsal or elaborative rehearsal? Justify your answer.
(About 150 words) [4 points]

b) Using this example, describe the three phases of memory: encoding, storage and retrieval.
(About 150 words) [3 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: a) Since the presentation is tomorrow, the information will have to be stored in your long-term memory. Therefore elaborative rehearsal is preferable since it consists of making links with other information you already know. Elaborative rehearsal processes the information more deeply, which makes it easier to retrieve. (1 point for naming elaborative rehearsal and 3 points for the explanation) b) Encoding is the transformation of the information about pesticides. We use a semantic code to represent the information based on its meaning. Storage is retaining the information for the long term. Retrieval is recalling the concepts and ideas when you do the oral presentation. (1 point for each phase)

PART ONE: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS / 56 POINTS
(questions 1 to 6)

Question

Tonight I am home alone and I decide to rent the movie "My Father's Glory." It reminds me of a trip I took to France when I was 20. Some French friends convinced me to go and see for myself all these marvels they were talking about. I knew the names of all the different regions of France and the tourist attractions before I even got there.

a) Based on this situation, given an example of a memory stored in semantic memory and explain your answer.
(About 80 words) [4 points]

b) Give an example of a memory stored in episodic memory and explain your answer.
(About 80 words) [4 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: a) "I knew the names of all the different regions of France and the tourist attractions before I even got there."(2 points) This is a memory of general knowledge. (2 points) b) "This film reminds me of a trip I took to France when I was 20" or "Some French friends convinced me to go and see for myself all these marvels they were talking about." (2 points) These are memories of events experienced by the person. (2 points)

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 24 POINTS
(questions 7 to 18)

Question

At her birthday dinner, Lisa ate her favourite food - Mongolian hotpot - but she also drank too much wine and got sick. Since then she can't bear to eat Mongolian hotpot. In this story, what is the conditioned stimulus? [2 points]
- the wine (No¤ it's the Mongolian hotpot.)
- being sick (No¤ it's the Mongolian hotpot.)
- the Mongolian hotpot (That's right!)
- drinking too much wine (No¤ it's the Mongolian hotpot.)
A: the Mongolian hotpot

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 24 POINTS
(questions 7 to 18)

Question

Year after year, since the beginning of his career ten years ago, a teacher has an increasingly hard time remembering the names of his new students. This problem is caused by _______ . [2 points]
- age (Wrong. It's caused by proactive interference.)
- proactive interference (Well done!)
- retroactive interference (Wrong. It's caused by proactive interference.)
- anterograde amnesia (Wrong. It's caused by proactive interference.)
A: proactive interference

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 24 POINTS
(questions 7 to 18)

Question

Associating a reinforcer with a voluntary response and a stimulus is called _______________. Associating a reflex with a stimulus that does not usually trigger that reflex is called __________________. [2 points]
- avoidance¤ extinction (Sorry¤ the right answer is operant conditioning¤ classical conditioning.)
- operant conditioning¤ classical conditioning (Bravo!)
- classical conditioning¤ operant conditioning (Sorry¤ the right answer is operant conditioning¤ classical conditioning.)
- discrimination¤ avoidance (Sorry¤ the right answer is operant conditioning¤ classical conditioning.)
A: operant conditioning¤ classical conditioning

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 24 POINTS
(questions 7 to 18)

Question

Ever since she was bitten by a dog, Darla refuses to get near any animal, even her cousin's kitten. This is an example of __________ . [2 points]
- generalization (Bravo!)
- negative reinforcement (Sorry! It's an example of generalization.)
- counterconditioning (Sorry! It's an example of generalization.)
- orientation response (Sorry! It's an example of generalization.)
A: generalization

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 24 POINTS
(questions 7 to 18)

Question

Isabel often has a headache when she finishes work, but she has discovered that her headache almost completely disappears if she drinks a nice cup of tea. In this example, what is the negative reinforcement? [2 points]
- The headache that disappears (Well done!)
- The headache after the day's work (No¤ it's actually the headache that disappears.)
- The day's work (No¤ it's actually the headache that disappears.)
- Drinking a nice cup of tea (No¤ it's actually the headache that disappears.)
A: The headache that disappears

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 24 POINTS
(questions 7 to 18)

Question

A technique used to reduce fear by presenting the fear-evoking stimuli continuously in the absence of actual harm so that the fear response is extinguished. [2 points]
- Systematic desensitization (Sorry! The technique is flooding.)
- Flooding (Bravo!)
- Discrimination (Sorry! The technique is flooding.)
- Extinction (Sorry! The technique is flooding.)
A: Flooding

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 24 POINTS
(questions 7 to 18)

Question

Brenda does telephone sales for an air conditioning installation company. She gets a $50 bonus for every 6 new contracts. This is a program of ____________ . [2 points]
- primary reinforcement (Sorry! It is a program of fixed-ratio reinforcement.)
- variable-ratio reinforcement (Sorry! It is a program of fixed-ratio reinforcement.)
- fixed-ratio reinforcement (You're right!)
- continuous reinforcement (Sorry! It is a program of fixed-ratio reinforcement.)
A: fixed-ratio reinforcement

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 24 POINTS
(questions 7 to 18)

Question

A little girl gets stung by a bee and learns to fear bees. In this situation, the unconditioned response is ___________ . [2 points]
- the bee (Sorry! It's actually the sting.)
- the sting (Bravo! You're right.)
- the fear (Sorry! It's actually the sting.)
- her tears (Sorry! It's actually the sting.)
A: the sting

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 24 POINTS
(questions 7 to 18)

Question

A dog was conditioned to salivate when it hears the sound of a particular bell. What will the dog do when it hears another bell with a much lower peal than the first bell? [2 points]
- It will salivate much more. (That's not right! It will salivate a little less than when it hears the sound of the first bell.)
- It will salivate the same amount as for the first bell. (That's not right! It will salivate a little less than when it hears the sound of the first bell.)
- It will salivate a little less than when it hears the sound of the first bell. (Well done!)
- It will not salivate¤ since it was not conditioned to salivate at that sound. (That's not right! It will salivate a little less than when it hears the sound of the first bell.)
A: It will salivate a little less than when it hears the sound of the first bell.

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 24 POINTS
(questions 7 to 18)

Question

Thanks to your ______________ memory, you remember how to find the square root of a decimal number. [2 points]
- episodic (No¤ that's not right! It is your semantic memory.)
- semantic (Right answer!)
- verbal (No¤ that's not right! It is your semantic memory.)
- working (No¤ that's not right! It is your semantic memory.)
A: semantic

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 24 POINTS
(questions 7 to 18)

Question

The tendency to remember the first and last items in a series more accurately than the middle items. [2 points]
- Chunking (Sorry¤ the right answer is: "Serial-position effect")
- Eidetic effect (Sorry¤ the right answer is: "Serial-position effect")
- Serial-position effect (Bravo!)
- Echoic memory (Sorry¤ the right answer is: "Serial-position effect")
A: Serial-position effect

Q: PART TWO: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS / 24 POINTS
(questions 7 to 18)

Question

Which of the following statements is an example of sensory memory? [2 points]
- Closing your eyes and still seeing a window frame. (That's right!)
- Remembering the face of an old friend. (Sorry¤ the right answer is: "Closing your eyes and still seeing a window frame.")
- Recognizing a friend's perfume at the cosmetics counter. (Sorry¤ the right answer is: "Closing your eyes and still seeing a window frame.")
- Dialing a number you looked up in a phonebook. (Sorry¤ the right answer is: "Closing your eyes and still seeing a window frame.")
A: Closing your eyes and still seeing a window frame.

-1

PART THREE: LABORATORY REPORT / 20 POINTS
(questions 19 to 29)

Please return to the memory experiment called "A little memory experiment" in Part I of Lesson 6.

Get six people to do both parts of the experiment. (Before you begin, make sure you understand exactly what the subject is supposed to do.) To counter the effect of situational learning, have half of your subjects begin with Series A and the other half begin with Series B.

Make sure you carefully note the number of words remembered by each subject in the attached word charts.

Then answer questions 19 to 29. You can draw on the explanations given in the learning activities after this experiment, but do not copy the explanations word for word.

You can also consult the report you produced in homework assignment 1.

Remember that the sections of a lab report are:

Theoretical framework: questions 19 to 22

Methodology: questions 23 to 25

Results: questions 26 to 28

Interpretation of results: question 29

Question

Theoretical framework

Discuss the theoretical framework of this experiment using the appropriate concepts from Lesson 6.
(About 180 words) [4 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The ideas in quotation marks must be included in the student's response. "Short-term memory has a limited duration" of less than one minute and a "limited capacity of 7 items." Maintenance rehearsal can be used to increase the duration. To increase the capacity, the subject can group the items (chunking) or use "elaborative rehearsal." In this experiment, we presented two series of words: one in which the words were listed one after another, making it difficult to use elaborative rehearsal, and the other in which the words were presented at the same time and already in categories, making it easy to use elaborative rehearsal.

PART THREE: LABORATORY REPORT / 20 POINTS
(questions 19 to 29)

Please return to the memory experiment called "A little memory experiment" in Part I of Lesson 6.

Get six people to do both parts of the experiment. (Before you begin, make sure you understand exactly what the subject is supposed to do.) To counter the effect of situational learning, have half of your subjects begin with Series A and the other half begin with Series B.

Make sure you carefully note the number of words remembered by each subject in the attached word charts.

Then answer questions 19 to 29. You can draw on the explanations given in the learning activities after this experiment, but do not copy the explanations word for word.

You can also consult the report you produced in homework assignment 1.

Remember that the sections of a lab report are:

Theoretical framework: questions 19 to 22

Methodology: questions 23 to 25

Results: questions 26 to 28

Interpretation of results: question 29

Question

Theoretical framework

Formulate a hypothesis.
(About 30 words) [1 point]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: More words will be retained if the words are presented in categories rather than one after another at random.

PART THREE: LABORATORY REPORT / 20 POINTS
(questions 19 to 29)

Please return to the memory experiment called "A little memory experiment" in Part I of Lesson 6.

Get six people to do both parts of the experiment. (Before you begin, make sure you understand exactly what the subject is supposed to do.) To counter the effect of situational learning, have half of your subjects begin with Series A and the other half begin with Series B.

Make sure you carefully note the number of words remembered by each subject in the attached word charts.

Then answer questions 19 to 29. You can draw on the explanations given in the learning activities after this experiment, but do not copy the explanations word for word.

You can also consult the report you produced in homework assignment 1.

Remember that the sections of a lab report are:

Theoretical framework: questions 19 to 22

Methodology: questions 23 to 25

Results: questions 26 to 28

Interpretation of results: question 29

Question

Theoretical framework

Indicate the independent variable.
(20 words) [1 point]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The independent variable is the way the words are presented (one list presented one after another at random and another list of words grouped into categories).

PART THREE: LABORATORY REPORT / 20 POINTS
(questions 19 to 29)

Please return to the memory experiment called "A little memory experiment" in Part I of Lesson 6.

Get six people to do both parts of the experiment. (Before you begin, make sure you understand exactly what the subject is supposed to do.) To counter the effect of situational learning, have half of your subjects begin with Series A and the other half begin with Series B.

Make sure you carefully note the number of words remembered by each subject in the attached word charts.

Then answer questions 19 to 29. You can draw on the explanations given in the learning activities after this experiment, but do not copy the explanations word for word.

You can also consult the report you produced in homework assignment 1.

Remember that the sections of a lab report are:

Theoretical framework: questions 19 to 22

Methodology: questions 23 to 25

Results: questions 26 to 28

Interpretation of results: question 29

Question

Theoretical framework

Indicate the dependent variable.
(20 words) [1 point]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The dependent variable is the number of words retained.

PART THREE: LABORATORY REPORT / 20 POINTS
(questions 19 to 29)

Please return to the memory experiment called "A little memory experiment" in Part I of Lesson 6.

Get six people to do both parts of the experiment. (Before you begin, make sure you understand exactly what the subject is supposed to do.) To counter the effect of situational learning, have half of your subjects begin with Series A and the other half begin with Series B.

Make sure you carefully note the number of words remembered by each subject in the attached word charts.

Then answer questions 19 to 29. You can draw on the explanations given in the learning activities after this experiment, but do not copy the explanations word for word.

You can also consult the report you produced in homework assignment 1.

Remember that the sections of a lab report are:

Theoretical framework: questions 19 to 22

Methodology: questions 23 to 25

Results: questions 26 to 28

Interpretation of results: question 29

Question

Methodology

Describe the subjects (number, characteristics).
(About 30 words) [1 point]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: Six subjects participated in the experiment. They were all students around the age of 20 (two men and four women).

PART THREE: LABORATORY REPORT / 20 POINTS
(questions 19 to 29)

Please return to the memory experiment called "A little memory experiment" in Part I of Lesson 6.

Get six people to do both parts of the experiment. (Before you begin, make sure you understand exactly what the subject is supposed to do.) To counter the effect of situational learning, have half of your subjects begin with Series A and the other half begin with Series B.

Make sure you carefully note the number of words remembered by each subject in the attached word charts.

Then answer questions 19 to 29. You can draw on the explanations given in the learning activities after this experiment, but do not copy the explanations word for word.

You can also consult the report you produced in homework assignment 1.

Remember that the sections of a lab report are:

Theoretical framework: questions 19 to 22

Methodology: questions 23 to 25

Results: questions 26 to 28

Interpretation of results: question 29

Question

Methodology

Describe the materials used.
(About 50 words) [1 point]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The materials used for this experiment were 2 series of 15 words. The first series was presented as a list, with the words appearing one after the other, while for the second series, all of the words appeared at the same time already grouped into three categories. In both cases, the subject had 30 seconds to memorize all of the words.

PART THREE: LABORATORY REPORT / 20 POINTS
(questions 19 to 29)

Please return to the memory experiment called "A little memory experiment" in Part I of Lesson 6.

Get six people to do both parts of the experiment. (Before you begin, make sure you understand exactly what the subject is supposed to do.) To counter the effect of situational learning, have half of your subjects begin with Series A and the other half begin with Series B.

Make sure you carefully note the number of words remembered by each subject in the attached word charts.

Then answer questions 19 to 29. You can draw on the explanations given in the learning activities after this experiment, but do not copy the explanations word for word.

You can also consult the report you produced in homework assignment 1.

Remember that the sections of a lab report are:

Theoretical framework: questions 19 to 22

Methodology: questions 23 to 25

Results: questions 26 to 28

Interpretation of results: question 29

Question

Methodology

Describe the procedure and the factors you controlled in order to ensure that your two experimental conditions were equivalent except in terms of the independent variable.
(About 80 words) [2 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The subjects were instructed to try to retain as many words as possible. The procedure was as follows: the words were presented for 30 seconds. The subject was then asked to write down all the words he or she could remember. The number of words retained was duly noted. The two series each contained an equal number of words, and the time the subjects had to memorize them was also the same in both conditions. To counter the effect of situational learning, half of the subjects began with Series A and the other half began with Series B.

PART THREE: LABORATORY REPORT / 20 POINTS
(questions 19 to 29)

Please return to the memory experiment called "A little memory experiment" in Part I of Lesson 6.

Get six people to do both parts of the experiment. (Before you begin, make sure you understand exactly what the subject is supposed to do.) To counter the effect of situational learning, have half of your subjects begin with Series A and the other half begin with Series B.

Make sure you carefully note the number of words remembered by each subject in the attached word charts.

Then answer questions 19 to 29. You can draw on the explanations given in the learning activities after this experiment, but do not copy the explanations word for word.

You can also consult the report you produced in homework assignment 1.

Remember that the sections of a lab report are:

Theoretical framework: questions 19 to 22

Methodology: questions 23 to 25

Results: questions 26 to 28

Interpretation of results: question 29

Question

Results

Write a short introductory sentence for Charts 1 and 2 and then enter the subjects' individual results in Chart 1 of the attached file.
[1 point]

1. Téléchargez le fichier suivant
2. Lorsque votre document est prêt, joignez à votre devoir le ou les fichiers correspondants.Cliquez sur « Ajouter... » pour les sélectionner.
Feedback: Problème avec le fichier : 350-102-RE_Homework3K_Q26_Answer key.doc

PART THREE: LABORATORY REPORT / 20 POINTS
(questions 19 to 29)

Please return to the memory experiment called "A little memory experiment" in Part I of Lesson 6.

Get six people to do both parts of the experiment. (Before you begin, make sure you understand exactly what the subject is supposed to do.) To counter the effect of situational learning, have half of your subjects begin with Series A and the other half begin with Series B.

Make sure you carefully note the number of words remembered by each subject in the attached word charts.

Then answer questions 19 to 29. You can draw on the explanations given in the learning activities after this experiment, but do not copy the explanations word for word.

You can also consult the report you produced in homework assignment 1.

Remember that the sections of a lab report are:

Theoretical framework: questions 19 to 22

Methodology: questions 23 to 25

Results: questions 26 to 28

Interpretation of results: question 29

Question

Results

Calculate the average number of words retained in both experimental conditions and enter them in Chart 2. Remember to give the chart a title.

1. Téléchargez le fichier suivant
2. Lorsque votre document est prêt, joignez à votre devoir le ou les fichiers correspondants.Cliquez sur « Ajouter... » pour les sélectionner.
Feedback: Problème avec le fichier : 350-102-RE_Homework3K_Q27_Answer key.doc

PART THREE: LABORATORY REPORT / 20 POINTS
(questions 19 to 29)

Please return to the memory experiment called "A little memory experiment" in Part I of Lesson 6.

Get six people to do both parts of the experiment. (Before you begin, make sure you understand exactly what the subject is supposed to do.) To counter the effect of situational learning, have half of your subjects begin with Series A and the other half begin with Series B.

Make sure you carefully note the number of words remembered by each subject in the attached word charts.

Then answer questions 19 to 29. You can draw on the explanations given in the learning activities after this experiment, but do not copy the explanations word for word.

You can also consult the report you produced in homework assignment 1.

Remember that the sections of a lab report are:

Theoretical framework: questions 19 to 22

Methodology: questions 23 to 25

Results: questions 26 to 28

Interpretation of results: question 29

Question

Results

Comment on your results.
(30 words) [1 point]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: The number of words retained is higher for Series B - with an average of 8.2 words retained - while for Series A the average is only 4.3 words. (These figures are only examples for the purposes of providing a sample answer.)

PART THREE: LABORATORY REPORT / 20 POINTS
(questions 19 to 29)

Please return to the memory experiment called "A little memory experiment" in Part I of Lesson 6.

Get six people to do both parts of the experiment. (Before you begin, make sure you understand exactly what the subject is supposed to do.) To counter the effect of situational learning, have half of your subjects begin with Series A and the other half begin with Series B.

Make sure you carefully note the number of words remembered by each subject in the attached word charts.

Then answer questions 19 to 29. You can draw on the explanations given in the learning activities after this experiment, but do not copy the explanations word for word.

You can also consult the report you produced in homework assignment 1.

Remember that the sections of a lab report are:

Theoretical framework: questions 19 to 22

Methodology: questions 23 to 25

Results: questions 26 to 28

Interpretation of results: question 29

Question

Interpretation of the results

Say whether your subjects' results support the hypothesis and explain their results. Mention the scope and limits of these results. You can also suggest other related avenues of research.

You may draw on the explanations provided after the experiment in Lesson 6, but you must not use that text word for word.
(About 300 words) [6 points]

Entrez votre réponse ci-dessous.
Feedback: Hypothesis (1 point) The results support the hypothesis because the number of words retained is much higher with Series B than with Series A. Interpretation of the results (4 points) The student must discuss the depth of processing, as well as elaborative rehearsal which is possible with Series B. These are the explanations that were included in the lesson. It must not be repeated verbatim in the student's answer (if it is, give only 2 points). "Series A is a simple list of random words presented one after the other with no particular organization. It is almost impossible to give any structure to the list. The only way to memorize it is through maintenance rehearsal. But each word is only presented twice, so it is almost impossible to transfer them into long-term memory. "We know that short-term memory has a limited capacity of about seven items (varying between five and nine for most people). Since it is almost impossible to group the Series A words, the subject cannot use chunking to help in the memorization. The average results for Series A are likely to be well below seven. "Since the words in Series B are presented in organized groups, it is easy to use elaborative rehearsal. "Since the words are already organized, the information is processed at a deeper level. It is possible to make links or associations between the words. When trying to recall the words, we recall the association and the other words follow more easily. That's why more words are retained with Series B than with Series A." Scope and limits of results (0.5 points) Sample answer: The results are representative for an experiment with only six subjects. For more valid results, we would have to use more subjects. In addition, two of the subjects had trouble understanding the instructions, which may have affected their ability to remember the words. Other avenues of research (0.5 points) Sample response: We could repeat the exercise with more subjects. In order to determine how elaborative rehearsal affects the memorization process, we could repeat the experiment using nonsense syllables (which prevents elaborative rehearsal) and then compare them with real words.